to exp here i have arrived y understandg of poer and love and cial chan, i have to exp ho i started

i gre up ontreal and studied physics at cgill university the suer of 1981, as i as fishg y undergraduate degree, i attended a eetg of the pugash nference on science and orld affairs banff, alberta, here i heard a speech about the crucial energy and environental challens arisg out of the creasg plexity and fullness-of people and ideas and thgs-of the orld i decided to shift y studies fro physical to cial sciences, and i ent on to do a graduate degree enoics and public policy at the university of california at berkeley after graduation, i orked at a variety of research stitutions north aerica, europe, and asia, and then the rporate pnng departent of pacific gas and electric pany san francis

y father had taught e the vae of dtrioness-of dog y job ell, hatever that job as-and of self-deteration and self-iproveent his favorite story as of henry david thoreau, ho had lived the oods at alden pond and after o years had e out ith his axe sharper than hen he had gone

i as young and abitio and keen to ake y ark on the orld

nerative poer

19, hen i as enty-seven years old, i oved fro san francis to london to take a job the global strategy departent of the energy pany royal dutch shell hat i loved ost about orkg for shell as the poer i enjoyed ttg the diploatic eos: "the governent of c?te d'ivoire has reiterated their reest that e desist fro referrg to the as the ivory ast" i once got a istaken phone call askg e here a 300 illion payent for a fuel oil delivery should be deposited i liked shell's practical role providg the orld ith energy: the pany vested hundreds of illions of dolrs a year research and developent, drilled for oil thoands of feet underater, and produced fuels by heatg oil sands and olg natural gas i reveled beg a sall g this big and iportant ache

i as at shell at the height of capitalist nfidence the berl all had jt fallen, the ter boo as startg, francis fukuyaa had published "the end of history," to olfe as ritg about anhattan fanciers as "asters of the universe," and argaret thatcher as pronouncg that "there is no alternative" to the anglo-aerican free enterprise odel the doant cultural ee as that all spheres-enoic, political, cial, legal, ternational, tellectual-a ntest aong petg poers produced the best oute11 fro y office a london skyscraper, it seeed to e that if everybody jt did their job and phed forard their part-engad civilized, anly jostlg-the hole ould gro and prosper

y experience at shell, and elsehere the orld of bess, as of an alost sgle-ded ephasis on the pragatic e of poer-the kd of poer that a forer physics student uld regnize it seeed to e that besspeople understood poer the sae ay art ther kg jr did: "poer properly understood is nothg but the ability to achieve purpose"12 their actions seeed to aord ith paul tillich's expnation of poer's nerative root: "the drive of everythg livg to realize itself, ith creasg tensity and extensity" this drive can be seen the force of a grog seed: the force that "guerril gardeners" eploy to turn vacant urban lots to parks, hen they surreptitioly pnt seeds that

eak through the ncrete

at shell i uld see ho y on drive for self-realization, along ith that of y lleagues, produced furioly petitive tellectual creativity and groth the head of our departent, arie de , rote a book called the livg pany this helped e al see ho the pany's livg drive for self-realization, along ith that of other panies, produced furioly petitive ercial creativity and groth13

all of this i sa the nerative aspect of poer: the universal drive to "t one's job done" poer expresses our purposefulness, holeness, and ancy although poer is the drive to realize one's self, the effect of poer goes beyond one's self poer is ho e ake a difference the orld it is the eans by hich ne cial realities are created ithout poer, nothg ne gros

at shell i as head of the strategy group that nstructed scenarios-pible alternative stories-of cial-political-environental ntexts hich the pany ight fd itself 1991, pieter le roux, a profesr at the left-g university of the estern cape uth africa, ntacted e becae he anted to e the shell ethodology to help a group of uth african opposition leaders develop a strategy for effectg the transition aay fro apartheid neln ande had jt been released fro enty-seven years prin, and the negotiations beeen the opposition and the hite ority governent had started earnest le roux's project unded terestg and orthhile to e, and y shell bosses ere happy, after years of beg vilified for not havg divested fro uth africa, for the opportunity to rebuild the pany's retionshi ith the opposition septeber 1991, i traveled to cape ton to facilitate the first orkshop of hat becae knon as the ont fleur scenario exercise14

hat i found exhiratg eetg these leaders-fro political parties, trade unions, unity anizations, universities, and panies-as their poerful purposefulness every one of the as itted to addressg, fro their particur idological and stitutional base, uth africa's tough challens, and they had already realized that they uld be suessful only if they orked tother hite bessan johann liebenberg ter reebered, ith surprise and pleasure, his nversations ith the bck leaders ho had hitherto been his adversaries: "this as ne to e, especially ho open-ded they ere these ere not people ho siply said: 'look, this is ho it is gog to be hen e take over one day' they ere prepared to say: 'hey, ho ould it be? let's discs it'"15 i felt excited to py a part this iportant cial chan process

hat i sa these orksho, and through the do they provided e onto the dynaics of uth africa's extraordary transition, chand y understandg of hat as possible the orld i sa that a tea of leaders fro across a cial syste uld, even the ost plex, nflictual, and challengg of ntexts, exercise their poer llectively to chan that syste for the better i as spired by hat i as learng about this nerative poer

hat i sa al chand y understandg of hat as possible for e i sa that i had a job to do-a ay of akg a difference the orld- supportg such teas 1993, i resigned fro shell and oved to uth africa sce then i have been dog this kd of ork there and elsehere

denerative poer

ho do e e to notice ethg that e are not noticg? i as once orkg y office, and y sungsses ere y shirt pocket i ent to a dark closet and leaned over to pick up e supplies near the floor, hen i heard a und that i uldn't pce as i ent out, i unnscioly filed aay that anoalo event-the unexped und-and ent back to hat i as dog ter i sa that i had ispced y sungsses and began lookg all around for the then i reebered the unexped und and realized it had been the und of y sungsses fallg out of y pocket onto the closet floor

durg the first years after i left shell and started orkg as a facilitator of cial chan teas, i kept hearg unds of a send kd of poer that i didn't kno ho to terpret y first terpretation of hat had happened at ont fleur-the terpretation that i as orkg fro-as that the tea had decided that their poer, their drive to realize theselves as dividuals and as a nation, uld ore effectively be exercised orkg ith rather than agast one another they had ed four bird ias to suarize their shared understandg of the different ays the future of the nation ight unfold: an "ostrich" scenario of hite denial, a "e duck" scenario of an overnstraed ne bck governent, an "icar" scenario of the ne governent flyg too high too fast, and a "fgos" scenario of risg sloly tother but hen pallo jordan, one of the tellectual leaders of the african national ngress, heard these scenarios presented at a party eetg, he thought they ere ridiculoly na?ve about the essentially violent dynaics of poer the uth african ntext "hat is all this about ducks and fgos?" he asked creduloly "the only birds that atter here are haks and sparros!"

it is not surprisg that jordan and i had different perspectives on poer i cae fro a peaceful and unfettered background, and i had enuntered uth africa for the first tie 1991, one year after the hopeful transitional negotiations had started and several years after the hopeless, violent cshes beeen the governent and the opposition the 1970s and 1980s jordan is bck, hich apartheid uth africa eans he gre up as a send-css pern he had spent decades exile orkg for the african national ngress and had only jt returned to the untry to enga directly these tough negotiations poer looks different to people ho have to struggle for it

no i realized hat i had been hearg: poer has o sides the nerative side of poer is the poer-to that paul tillich refers to as the drive to self-realization the denerative, shado side is poer-over-the stealg or suppression of the self-realization of another tillich regnizes both sides: "poer actualizes itself through force and pulsion but poer is neither the one nor the other it is beg, actualizg itself over non-beg it es and abes pulsion order to overe this threat it es and abes force order to actualize itself but it is neither the one nor the other"16 poer-over abes force and pulsion to suppress or oppress or doate another

like pallo jordan, y ife dorothy is bck and gre up uth africa and as volved for years the anti-apartheid struggle hen ter e visited guatea tother, she noticed ethg that i didn't the position of aborigal people there reded her of bcks uth africa: they ere treated as if they ere visible not to see another pern, or to see her or hi as a nonpern, is the extree anifestation of poer-over

the ost on understandg of poer is as poer-over hen stephen kes, a profesr of politics and ciology at ne york university, rote his cssic 1974 book poer: a radical vie, he eated poer ith doation but thirty years ter, the send edition, kes revised his vie: "it as a istake to defe poer by sayg that 'a exercises poer over b hen a affects b a anner ntrary to b's terests' poer as doation is only one species of poer"17 poer-over is a subset of poer-to

denerative poer-over arises out of nerative poer-to hen i a exercisg y poer-to and i feel yself bupg up agast you exercisg yours, and if this nflict i have the capacity to prevail over you, then i can easily turn to exercisg poer over you y drive to realize yself sli easily to vag y self-realization above yours, and then to believg arrogantly that i a ore deservg of self-realization, and then to advancg y self-realization even if it ipedes yours

any hites uth africa vaed their self-realization above that of others, and they deployed an ideology-apart-heid-to jtify their behavior e can see analogo dynaics across races or ethnic grou or csses or nders every ciety th, the seductively beautiful face of poer-to orphs, as a horror ovie, to the vicioly terrible face of poer-over

once i had seen the o sides of poer starkly uth africa, i uld regnize the ore easily elsehere after i left shell, i nsulted to several panies and bess asciations hoton, texas i found the bess culture of hoton unual and fascatg the besspeople there ere unnstraed their enthias for dependent, unreguted, entrepreneurial poer-to the can-do property developers i et oned private panies ith naes like "john sith terests," hich i understood to represent an unabashed cele

ation of the advancg of an dividual's on terests and poer

these sae besspeople ere al enthiastic their support for vontary phthropy and civic engaent they ere ore aare than people i had et elsehere of their role the evotion of their cial reality hoton had gron fro beg the enty-first rst city the united states 1940 to fourth rst 1990 it had bee hat it as not by aident, but as the result of the tentional decisions ade by people such as theselves, and they felt a responsibility to ntue this public ork the ideology of hoton besspeople prooted dividual self-realization alignent ith llective self-realization

this unity, the very epitoe of poer-to as ken y, the founder and chairan of enron, the
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